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Banat Swabians
The Banat Swabians are an ethnic German population in Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians. They emigrated in the 18th century to what was then the Austro-Hungarian Banat province, within the Kingdom of Hungary, which had been left sparsely populated by the wars with Turkey. This once strong and important ethnic Banat Swabian minority has been much reduced in number following World War II.
Most of its members were expelled to the West by the Soviet Union and its subsidiaries after the war. Others left for economic and emotional reasons after 1990 and the fall of the Soviet Union and its republics.
At the end of World War I in 1918, the Swabian minority worked to establish an independent multi-ethnic Banat Republic; however, the province was divided according to the Wilsonian Principles of self-determination (the wish of the majority population as registered in voting), by the Treaty of Versailles of 1919, and the Treaty of Trianon of 1920. The greater part was annexed by Romania, a smaller part by former Yugoslavia, and a small region around Szeged remained part of Hungary.
==Banat and the Danube Swabians==
The Banat colonists are often grouped with other German-speaking ethnic groups in the area under the name ''Danube Swabians''. Besides the Banat, these groups lived in nearby western Bačka in Vojvodina, Serbia, in Swabian Turkey (present-day southern Hungary), in Slavonia, (present-day Croatia), and in Satu Mare, Romania. All of these areas were under Austrian rule, when the Crown recruited German immigrants, particularly farmers. It wanted to repopulate the lands newly recovered from Turkish occupation and to revive agriculture in an area that had been frequently overrun by war.
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